Long term care financing in California versus New York

Chapter by chapter list Introduction Comparison Conclusion References Introduction New York and California have complex Medicaid frameworks, however one of them is more compelling than the other. It is basic to see how this has happened so upgrades can be made.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Long term care financing in California versus New York explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Comparison Eligibility for Long-term care financing through Medicaid in California (Medi-Cal) is controlled by a scope of elements. These include: one’s pay status, resources, citizenship and private status. California has set an advantage limit on individuals who meet all requirements for Medi-Cal. One’s ledger, vehicle, and different properties are analyzed before one can qualify. A regulated patient’s life partner can't have in excess of 87,000 dollars if the patient is to get Medicaid administrations (Street, 2001). In any case, individuals who bring about regular clinical costs can be qualified paying little heed to their salary status. In the province of New York, people with more than 13, 800 dollars are hypothetically ineligible for Medicaid. Be that as it may, in the event that one can demonstrate that one has high clinical consumptions that leave the person in question with 787 dollars worth of residual pay, at that point the individual in question would meet all requirements for Medicaid (Empire Center, 2011). As it were, the province of New York has explicit deductible figures that it considers before capability while California is increasingly broad in their methodology. The two states additionally vary as far as their consumptions. New York’s long haul care financing costs are the most elevated in the nation. This has been welcomed on by a mix of elements. As a matter of first importance, the state has perhaps the most elevated level of old residents in the nation. The national normal is 1.8% while Ne w York’s old populace represents 2% of the populace (old residents are every one of those individuals who are 85 years or more). Besides, more established New York inhabitants will in general be excessively less fortunate than others in the nation. Medicaid represents 72% of all nursing office administrations, yet the national normal is 64%. Every one of these variables cause the state’s consumptions to arrive at tremendous levels.Advertising Looking for paper on wellbeing medication? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It was accounted for that in 2009, New York burned through 12.4 billion dollars in long haul care financing through Medicaid. Then again, the territory of California spent substantially less on this administration. It spent seven billion dollars in 2008 in this way demonstrating regulatory capacities might be more practical in the last state. Long haul care financing in California happens through p rivate and open roads. Medi-cal, Medicare, state maturing projects, and region maturing programs speak to 60% of all consumption. Consequently, private supports represent 40% of all use in California. Then again, New York is overwhelmed by Medicaid subsidizing. Secretly subsidized long haul care administrations speak to just 13%. This infers an extremely tremendous weight has been put on the government. A significant test that exists in the two states is the segment of spousal refusal. In every single government state, patients who target Medicaid subsidizing can move their advantages for their mates. The recipient would then be able to decline to assume liability for thinking about that individual (Pear, 2008). Albeit spousal refusal was permitted so as to ensure that old patients were not put helpless before their unreliable mates, the measure has caused more mischief than anything. States can sue life partners who take this riches, yet not every one of them are exacting about it. With regards to the issue of spousal refusal, New York State is more loose than California. Maybe this is one reason why clinical use in long haul financing is a lot higher in New York than in California. Government states can spare around 50 million dollars in Medicaid in the event that they fixed that proviso. End The Medicaid program in New York is more unnecessary than California’s consumptions due to bring down private protection interest, over the top spousal refusal and adaptable qualification requirements.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Long term care financing in California versus New York explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Empire Center (2011). Long haul care financing in New York. Recovered from https://www.empirecenter.org/Long term care every day (2001). Long haul care is too expensive says report. Web. Pear, R. (2008, November 27). New Medicaid rules permit states to set premiums and higher copayments. New Yor k Times, 16. Road, L. (2001). Understanding Medi-Cal: long haul care. Medi-Cal Policy establishment, 1-35. This exposition on Long term care financing in California versus New York was composed and presented by client Rodolfo Patterson to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for exploration and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Demian And Desires Essays - Software, Gaming, First-person Shooters

Demian And Desires Essays - Software, Gaming, First-individual Shooters Demian And Desires Wants and Dreams In the story, Demian, wants assume a significant job. When Sinclaire follows his wants something great quite often comes out of it. When Sinclaire doesn't follow his wants and dreams something terrible happens. For instance, when Sinclaire first became companions with Franz Kromer. Sinclaire had a terrible inclination about Franz, however disregarded it. Since he overlooked his craving and his inclination not to be companions with Franz, Sinclaire practically got deceived with the plantation episode. Sinclaire knew there was something terrible about Franz, he could detect it, however he overlooked the hunch and just got himself wrecked. Sinclaire cited, Side by side with this I lived in a universe of dreams and drives and wants of a chthonic sort Sinclaires sentiments end up being important all through the story. Max Demian was a book brimming with bits of gossip. Individuals avoided him. Sinclaire saw something else, something intriguing in Demian, along these lines making the two banter and make companions. This relationship is one of the most significant in both of their lives. All in all, when Sinclaire follows his wants and sentiments nearly everything will show up for the great. To tune in to the heart can be the best direction in ones life. This is the thing that I gained from this book.

How to Motivate Yourself and Theories of Motivation

How to Motivate Yourself and Theories of Motivation © Shutterstock.com | alphaspiritIn this article, you will learn about 1) an introduction to motivation, 2) theories of motivation, and 3) how to motivate yourself.INTRODUCTIONWhat is Motivation?Motivation is a behavioral progression that instigates an individual to move toward a goal and guides him in the process. Motivation can help you become independent and live the lifestyle that you so desire. It equips you with the leverage to explore your limits and survey your ideas.Motivation can be split into two broad categories extrinsic and intrinsic motivation.Extrinsic vs. Intrinsic MotivationExtrinsic motivation is guided by external factors and rewards, such as money, fame and recognition, power and influence, or happiness in general.Intrinsic motivation comes from within the individual. This kind of motivation exists when the individual hopes to gain personal pleasure or gratification from a certain act. In other words, the rewards here are intrinsic.Components of MotivationYou ma y have set several goals for yourself. But is it ever enough to just desire a favorable outcome? Absolutely not! Unless you have the drive to persist in your endeavour, overcoming all obstacles that come your way, your goal will become just wishful thinking. There are three components of motivation that ensure that goals are reached. They are:Activation: Activation, also known as arousal, is the initial effort that you put in to instigate motivated action or behavior. It may be joining a class to lose weight or making a courtesy call to initiate dialogue with a prospective client.Persistence: Persistence is the continued and stimulated effort that you put in to reach your goal, steering through various obstacles that come your way.Intensity: Intensity is the magnitude of the drive and energy that you expend to reach your goal. Intensity varies from person to person and from goal to goal.Motivation and Morale: How Is Motivation Different from Morale?Motivation and morale are closely- knit. However, they are reasonably different things.Motivation is personal an internal psychological sentiment while morale is group related.While higher motivation also boosts group morale, the same may not be true vice versa.Morale is an overall positive attitude that aims to improve every possible aspect of an employees performance. Motivation is much more centralized and outcome-specific.Morale is generally boosted by creating a friendly, conducive work environment. Motivation is usually built up by offering rewards and perks, such as a lucrative paycheck or a bonus.The Importance of MotivationMotivation is one of the most vital elements that contribute to the success of any organization. Below, we describe some of the benefits that can be reaped by instilling motivation in your workforce.Achieving goals: An organization has a certain set of objectives or goals that it aims to achieve. Motivation helps reach those goals by:Making it possible to effectively utilize all availabl e resources.Creating a healthy environment conducive to employee cooperation, collaboration and teamwork.Instilling a sense of purpose in each member of the workforce and helping them become more target-focused.Increasing efficiency: When you motivate an employee, you enable him to focus on his abilities and create a willingness to contribute in his full capacity. Motivation thus increases productivity and efficiency and results in a reduced cost of operation per employee.Building a friendly atmosphere: You can bring about motivation in your employees by offering rewards in the form of monetary incentives or opportunities for promotion. This creates a friendly atmosphere that results in higher stability via employee cooperation, reduces or eliminates dissent and makes employees more adaptive to change.Utilizing Human Resources: Motivation activates the human element of a companys resources. It creates the willingness to work, thus making it possible for a company to optimally use it s human resources.Stabilizing workforce: Motivation stabilizes the workforce. It reduces employee turnover and gets rid of absenteeism and other negative traits in employees. A stable workforce creates a great company image and helps in the induction of more competent people into the companys fold.THEORIES OF MOTIVATIONInstincts Evolutionary Theory of MotivationThe evolutionary theory suggests that all living creatures, including humans, tend to display behaviors that assist in their genetic wellness. According to evolutionary psychology, genetic evolution manifests itself in the behavioral traits of humans and other beings. Since this theory champions the survival of the fittest, it postulates that all the genetic benefits are eventually passed on to the next generation. An important component of such genetic mutation is instincts. An instinct is a sub-conscious behaviour that enables an individual to automatically cope with changes in external stimuli. Since human behaviour is la rgely guided by instincts, it can be safely stated that behavioral progressions such as motivation have been an integral part of human evolution.Drive-Reduction Theory of MotivationThe drive-reduction theory is centered on homeostasis and how people cope with disturbances to it. Homeostasis is the ability of humans and other living beings to maintain equilibrium in their internal environments. A human has certain primary and secondary drives that he needs to satisfy. These drives inherently push an individual toward a certain goal. Primary needs can be hunger, thirst, and sexual desire, whereas secondary needs are the ones that assist in satisfying the primary needs the best example is monetary needs. According to Clark Hull, the person behind drive-reduction theory, drive-reduction is a primary component of the learning process in humans. Since the satisfaction (or reduction) of a drive on a regular basis conditions human behavior, drives are the foremost change-agents when it com es to impacting human behavior and learning. Also, the presence of simultaneous multiple drives will lead to more comprehensive learning than a single drive.Temporal Motivation Theory (TMT)Temporal motivation theory studies the impact of time (especially deadlines) on our motivation levels. This theory suggests that the more a job is near its deadline, the more its perceived importance increases. In other words, time plays a crucial role in motivating people to do certain jobs. Other important elements of this theory are procrastination and goal-setting. TMT was developed by Piers Steel and Cornelius J. König. A mathematical representation of the theory is as follows:Motivation = (Expectancy x Value) / (1 + Impulsiveness x Delay)Here, motivation is the desire for a favorable outcome, expectancy is the probability of success, value is the expected reward, impulsiveness is the individuals reaction to delay, and delay is the time taken for realization of the goal.Arousal Theory of Mot ivationThe arousal theory is an extension of the drive-reduction theory of motivation. This theory champions the motivational effect of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the human psyche. According to the arousal theory, the human psyche is reward-sensitive, and an individual gets motivated to carry out any activity that optimizes their level of arousal. In other words, humans are inclined to participate in activities that satisfy or relieve their arousal. An individual with a lower arousal requirement will typically partake in activities that induce relaxation while one with a higher arousal requirement will go for something that delivers more thrill and excitement. And this psychological phenomenon is not restricted to humans alone. An experiment conducted by Peter Milner and James Olds in the mid-1900s consisted of electrodes placed on a lab rats brain that could stimulate it on command. The rat was placed inside a box that had two levers one, when pressed rewarded the rat with f ood and water, while the other lever, when pressed, stimulated the reward center of the rats brain. Although initially the rat stepped on both the levers by accident, it soon learned what they were there for. Pretty soon, the rat was pressing the reward stimulus lever voluntarily and repeatedly. The scientists inferred that the rat was stimulating itself electrically. They went on to proclaim that all creatures, including humans, display a strong motivation to engage in behaviors that stimulate the reward center of their brains.Incentive Theory of Motivation and Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic MotivationThe incentive theory of motivation states that certain intrinsic and extrinsic factors work as incentives to motivate human behavior. Intrinsically motivated behaviors are performed because they result in personal satisfaction, whereas extrinsically motivated behaviors are performed in anticipation of rewards or to avoid negative outcomes. However, it is primarily extrinsic factors like mone tary rewards, power or influence that strongly motivate human behavior. However, it has been observed that once extrinsic motivation is used on a regular basis to motivate a person to do things that he finds intrinsically motivating, over time he loses personal satisfaction in doing such things.Drives and Needs Maslows Hierarchy of NeedsAs humans, we experience drives and have certain needs. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs postulates that we are motivated by hierarchically ranked needs. An individual needs to satisfy a chain of needs for long-term survival and self-development. First in the hierarchy are very basic needs food, shelter, a job and so forth. Once these needs are satisfied, they no longer serve as motivational factors, and the individual turns to higher things in the hierarchy to serve as his motivation a car, bank balance, social status, etc. Maslows pyramid classifies human needs in terms of their hierarchy needs that are psychological, based on safety and security, lo ve and belonging and self-actualization.Psychological needs form the base of the pyramid and include very basic human needs like breathing, water, food, sleep and excretion.Safety needs include security of the body, abundance of resources, good health, property, etc.Love and belonging needs include friendship, family life, sexual satisfaction, etc.Esteem requirements revolve around an individuals self-esteem, respectability and social standing, confidence, achievement, etc.Self-actualization needs stem from an individuals endeavor to cultivate morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem-solving capabilities and a practical outlook.HOW TO MOTIVATE YOURSELFMotivation is a comprehensive process: it involves anticipation, fear, and intense desire to achieve your goal. But most importantly, science has an inherent role to play in motivation.The Scientific Ways of MotivationDefine your success. Motivation is best pursued when success is predefined. The first step you need to take when defi ning success is to espouse a positive attitude. Define your success in positive terms. So, if your goal is money, your aim should be this: I want to earn enough to buy a house, a car, and have a luxurious lifestyle. It should never be: I dont want to be poor and homeless forever. The second step is to plan on ways to achieve your target. So, if your newly-defined goal is to have a life of luxury, your follow-up step should be to find ways to increase your income explore newer business territories, expand your existing business to cater to a wider customer base and adopt a practicable budget.Start small. If you plan on success, you need to plan on things that are doable and small enough to be manageable. Your to-do list may be brimming with odd jobs and loose ends, but it is your best bet to tackle the tasks that you find the least daunting. More often than not, a seemingly off-putting task can be accomplished when it is broken down into simpler tasks. Once that is done, you will fe el motivated to move on and take the next task by its horns. A job well-accomplished will intrinsically motivate you to accomplish another.Build focus. Often, even your best efforts are frustrated by oncoming distractions. These distractions often force you to shift your focus from the task at hand to the sudden emergency. As a result, you are not able to accomplish either of the tasks, and many unnecessary loose ends are created. These loose ends only add to your frustration over time. The only solution to this is to build bullet-proof focus. You will also be required to put some ideas on absolute hold and concentrate on the task at hand. Once this is accomplished, you would be able to take care of your loose ends as well.Eliminate fear and plan for failure. Never be fearful of challenges. When fear builds up in your mind, it manifests itself in your work as well. Fear eats into your motivation and brings negativity to your set goals. It drains all your positive energy and tires yo u out. Soon, bouts of intense worrying replace positive action. Worrying should be avoided at all costs. The best thing to do to stop worrying is to plan for failure. Remember, even the most successful people have faced big failures. Once you plan for failure and are willing to accept it, you will realize that success is actually achievable.Harness the chameleon effect. It may not always be possible to be at your best level of motivation. However, it is quite probable that people around you are highly enthused. The environment around you gives you the opportunity to draw from it, copy the behaviors of people around you and motivate yourself. Just sitting next to a positively motivated individual can work wonders on your own motivation level. It is best to sit next to a person you do not know well. Unfamiliarity with your proximate environment tends to get you to give your best performance, just because it is human nature to try and impress people you do not know well.Apply the power of positive thinking. Happiness increases productivity. A positive frame of mind enables an individual to be optimistic and makes him successful. Also, we procrastinate the most when we are in a negative frame of mind.Control procrastination. Procrastination happens all of a sudden, without warning. The best device to control procrastination is pre-commitment. Pre-commitment creates healthy pressure for a task to get done. It helps to:Set deadlines: Scheduling the task at hand helps to set achievable deadlines, thus resulting in an enhanced success rate. Scheduling a task means that you are able to set exact dates and times for its completion, thus enabling you to maintain focus on the task at hand.Apply peer pressure: Peer pressure has more positive effects than negative ones. When you surround yourself with the people you want to be, you put yourself into a work-in-progress situation. Such peer pressure will get you to do things to achieve the desired end.Partner with your vendor : Your vendor can be your most valued accountability partner if you play your cards well! Humans, by nature, are motivated to continually enhance their image to others. You are surrounded by vendors employees, accountants, attorneys and the like, and its in your human nature to impress them. When you channel this strong motivation to impress others into things that you want to get done, you will have by your side the best accountability partners you will ever find!Reward yourself. Treat yourself whenever you finish an important task on your list or close a loose end that would otherwise be giving you sleepless nights. It isnt enough, however, to reward yourself only when a big goal is achieved. You would do well to break up the bigger goals into checkpoints and offer yourself rewards for reaching each checkpoint.Allocate one-on-one time with yourself. You are your best friend, and nobody understands you better than you do. So it is best that you are in touch with yourself. Set asid e time when you can think about your life, your business and your priorities. Spending time with yourself will allow your creative thoughts to take center stage and build focus.Exercise your body, not just your mind. Like they say, a healthy mind can only reside in a healthy body. Allocate enough time to exercise your body. Exercise energizes you and helps you deal with otherwise difficult situations. Forget a workout, even a brisk 15-minute walk will work wonders in freeing up your clogged mind.Incorporate the fun element in your work. A job is always well done when you are having fun doing it. When you enjoy doing a thing, you tend to keep doing it. This persistence results in expertise and over time, it will be a lot easier for you to draw a quick end result with perfection.

James E. Porter’s Idea of Originality in Intertextuality...

Since I arrived in the United States one of the first concepts that was introduced to me was the concept of plagiarism and the severity of its consequences. Since that moment I see myself focusing much more on paraphrasing and not committing plagiarism than the quality of the ideas that I am writing. However, I have noted that most of my ideas and opinions are probably based on somebody else’s work I might have read before. Therefore, is it not plagiarism? In the article â€Å"Intertextuality and the Discourse Community,† James E. Porter challenges the idea of what plagiarism truly is. He states that it is almost impossible to write without committing some sort of plagiarism. Instead, Porter introduces the concept of intertextuality, which he†¦show more content†¦What he describes as originality is to take somebody else’s ideas and create new perspectives and opinions based on those points of view. In other words, Porter suggests that creativity is a mat ter of interpretation and that anything we write is the result of what we interpret when we read. That is why taking other’s ideas to draw knew opinions should not be called plagiarism because inevitable all writing contains some sort of intertextuality. One can say that intertextuality is necessary for a writer to have a better understanding of what they read. As an international student myself, paraphrasing is one of the aspects that turns writing into a nightmare for me. Since my vocabulary is somewhat reduced, I have to focus more on making my sentences look as different as possible to the original texts. I was so scared of committing plagiarism that I did not even consider the aspect of using the author’s ideas and creating my own opinions. Instead I preferred to follow the norm and paraphrase as much as possible. Sometimes I felt my professors paid much more attention to what I might have plagiarized rather than the quality of my own ideas. That is why writing t urned into a systematic process in which I would only have to know how to rephrase sentences and I would be fine. In the moment I read Porter’s essay I thought it was contradictory to allShow MoreRelatedThe Difference Between Originality And Plagiarism918 Words   |  4 PagesThe Difference Between Originality and Plagiarism Intertextuality and the Discourse Community, a text written by James E. Porter, discusses two general and possibly the most concentrated concepts of writing today. â€Å"(1) That writing must be original and (2) that if a writer â€Å"borrows† ideas from other writing without acknowledging that borrowing, the writer is plagiarizing†(Wardle Downs 395). Throughout Porter’s text, he explores intertextuality, the principle that all writing and speech—indeed

Farm Manuals Fast Is An E Commerce That Sells Digital...

Farm Manuals Fast: Farm Manuals Fast is an e-commerce that sells digital representations of farm equipment manuals. Tyler Finchum, the founder, and entrepreneur, grew up in the small town of Muscatine, Iowa. Growing up Tyler lived a life of agriculture. His family lived on a small farm and owned older farm equipment that would sometimes break down. When this occurred Tyler’s job was to collect the manuals. There was just one problem. The manuals seemed to get lost or the paper would get damaged. This is what gave Tyler the idea, what if he could make digital copies of the farm manuals? It would be harder to lose and the digital versions couldn’t physically get damaged. And so Farm Manuals Fast was born. After the initial idea Tyler took†¦show more content†¦By creating this service, Tyler created a way for farmers to receive the information they need quick. Farming is time sensitive. When equipment breaks down, it is critical for the farmer to get the machinery back up and running as soon as possible. Delays could affect harvest, make farmers less productive, and create downtime. Worse cases such as a severe cold fronts or storms could possibly destroy some of the harvests, creating a dent in the farmer’s wallet. So when the equipment breaks down and the manual can’t be found or has been damaged the farmer has to reach out to the company that built the machinery or has to search for one online. This could sometimes take 9 days or even weeks to receive, causing the farmer a major head-ach. By using Farm Manuals Fast the farmer can download the manual they need almost instantly. Tyler has created an easy to use customer friendly site that directs the customers to what they need so they can get back to work. The web site harbors hundreds of the most popular manuals by some of the top brands including John Deere, Ford, Caterpillar, Massey Ferguson, and Case. The manuals range from a wide variety including â€Å"tractors, combines, harvesters, manure spreaders, balers, tillers, cutters, foragers, grinders, mowers, and windrower.† (Snee 3) These options create a plethora of choices for a potential customer to choose from, as long as the manual they seek was made before 1989. Identify the challenge of the business and

What You Do Not Know About High School Persuasive Essay Topics

What You Do Not Know About High School Persuasive Essay Topics Look around you and you'll note a kind of persuasion or the other. It's great to spell out the topic utilizing various emotional concepts because it allows persuading the audience better. A student ought to keep in contact with the hottest trends and know which persuasive essay topics are related to sound convincing in regards to defending personal opinions. One other important issue when picking a persuasive speech topic is to select a topic that may provoke your audience a little. To begin with, if you're arranging a persuasive speech, you ought to think about a topic that could create mental pictures in the minds of your audience. Not everybody can create a great listener good speakers are also required to satisfy the goal. You also ought to attempt to comprehend your audience's dominant perspective. The audience has to be convinced by means of an argument or application. School should happen in the evenings. Year round school isn't a good idea. Students have to finish a lot of writing assignments during college years. All students ought to have a year studying abroad. Exams and testing has to be abolished. SATs ought to be eliminated. School holidays must be twice as long. School tests aren't effective. How to Get Started with High School Persuasive Essay Topics? If you would like to tackle some more elaborate issues that don't discuss advantages of sports but instead concentrate on debated topics instead, think about using one of the next spor ts topics to write about modern-day troubles. It is possible to use real-life examples to create the topic really come alive. Since you may see, finding a suitable topic is not quite as simple as it might seem. A few of the topics also fall into other categories and we've posed the topics as questions in order that they are easily adapted into statements to fit your own viewpoint. You want to supply an impressive description of the topic revealed, thus select the one of which you may offer an outstanding visualization as a way to persuade an audience. You must keep in view that the topic shouldn't be a complex one so that general audience can easily understand the info and your perspective. After you have the subject, you can start to research it and write your speech. No matter the subject, you could always rely on their help! Deciding upon the proper topic for a persuasive speech is occasionally not such an easy matter to do as it might appear. You are able to locate a lot of internet examples for speech outlines that it is possible to follow. It's possible, for instance, show your erudition. Great examples are boosting in road accidents and theft. The Start of High School Persuasive Essay Topics Persuasive essays are a fantastic means to encourage the reader to check at a particular topic in a different light. The question could possibly be part of your introduction, or it may make a fantastic title. Before you pick a topic for sure, make sure to consult your teacher first. Our topics are good since they won't leave listeners indifferent. The Appeal of High School Persuasive Essay Topics Working women should not receive any privileges. Frequently, college professors are going to have certain topics or subject areas they expect you to utilize in your speech. Usually, students find it complicated to pick a suitable topic. They are used to the fact that their professors give them the assignment's topic. The History of High School Persuasive Essay Topics Refuted There are several intriguing topics that could be become a persuasive essay if you take the opportunity to consider about doing it. Possessing the most effective informative speech essay ideas is not sufficient. All persuasive essays are like argumentative essays. Writing a persuasive essay is not a simple undertaking to achieve. All About High School Pe rsuasive Essay Topics Persuasive speech topics are among the most typical choices. A persuasive speech resembles a difficult challenge for many students. The very best persuasive speeches aren't written in a rush. Finishing a fantastic persuasive speech takes time and energy.

Evolution of the Democratic and Republican Parties free essay sample

The thesis of my essay is that over the last six decades, the Democratic and Republican Parties have evolved from coalitions of opposites in which neither were based on an ideology, to, for the Republican Party, a faction of libertarians, populists, Southern Democrats, and more recently the Tea Party, and for the Democratic Party a faction of liberals. The Republican Party moved to a more conservative political view as a reaction to the 1960s. In the 1980s, after the Republicans had already moved to the same political view as the Southern Democrats, the Southern Democrats left the Democratic Party for the Republican Party. After the movements, the Democratic and Republican Parties had an ideology, because they then had an â€Å"organized and coherent set of ideas† about politics (Jillson 111). Before the 1960s there were three major voting bodies in Congress, although there were only two major political parties. The Democratic Party was a combination of conservatives and liberals, while the Republican Party was a combination of libertarians and populists while the core of the party were independent. We will write a custom essay sample on Evolution of the Democratic and Republican Parties or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The most conservative and liberal Americans were democratic. While the Republican Party was more neutral, they were still more conservative than liberal because of their relationship with bankers and big business. The 1960s were a perfect storm of the religious left, students, and unions, with Martin Luther King, Jr. at the center. MLK was a populist republican that was at the forefront of the civil right movement and part of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. They had recognized that the civil right movement was failing because of a lack of outside support and in effort to change this MLK helped found SNiCC, a student group, and became a union organizer. SNiCC not only activated the students but started a movement that was not just about the civil rights. The sixties became a radical revolution decade in which the whole United States were shaken up and everything was questioned. After the sixties, the Republican Party came together because they did not like what had happened in the past decade. The libertarians asked the populists if they would rather feed the poor or save their souls, they choose to save their souls. The libertarians said they would back the populists on their social issues, if they would abandon their interpretation of Jesus on the economy and abandon the poor. They agree and both move to a more conservative ideology, this is where the religious right comes from. They, with this movement, go politically to the space that the Southern Democrats were already. In the 1980s, Reagan said that the Democratic Party is the liberal party and the Republican Party is the conservative party, because of this the southern Democrats leave the Democratic Party for the Republican Party. The Republican Party had morphed into a faction of libertarians, populists, and Southern Democrats. The Democratic Party just lost the Southern Democrats and rest remained part of the liberal ideology. In order to prevent the perfect storm of the sixties to happen again, Reagan and the Republicans effectively destroyed unions and students. The students get taken out because of tuition, because they need a job to pay tuition they did not have the time to protest. The unions are destroyed when Reagan fired all the PHATCO, an air traffic control union, strikers and hired new ones. After this they went after unions more generally, Donald Reagan held a conference in which he tried to get companies to move their factories out of the United States, the thought was that no factories meant no unions. Over the course of the last six decades both parties evolved from a party without an ideology, to a Democratic Party with a liberalism ideology and a Republican Party with a conservatism ideology. As a reaction to the radical, revolutionary decade of the 1960s, the Republican Party, at the time a coalition of libertarians and populists, moved to a more conservative ideology by the libertarians supporting the populists on the social issues and the populist abandoning the poor. With the Southern Democrats leaving the Democratic Party, the Democratic Party became a party with a single, liberal ideology and was no longer a coalition of liberals and conservatives.

10 Facts on Waste Management for an Environment Project

10 Facts on Waste Management for an Environment Project The speed at which waste is produced globally has been identified as one of the issues that have the ability to threaten public health and the earth’s ecosystem if not properly managed. And despite the threat poor waste management policies possess to our global well-being, the subject matter does not come up in political debates. Only implicitly in UNICEF’s sustainable development goals and sparingly on media outlets which means it is left to individuals to highlight its danger to earth’s ecosystem. Therefore, if you are one of those individuals saddled with the responsibility to talk about waste management, it is imperative that you have a good understanding of what it means as well as get your facts right when discussing its impact on the globe. In turn, this article is written to provide you with an armoryof facts on waste management for your project. But before going into the details, here is a definition of the term waste management. Wastes are unwanted or unusable materials and they include any substance discarded after primary use or are worthless and of no use. Waste management on the other hand are all the activities or processes put in place to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal and here are some facts about waste management on the global stage. Here are the 10 facts on waste management: Waste and requires proper management. The need for effective waste management systems can only be truly understood if one understands the amount of waste produced by humans. Statistics show that in the United States, the average person throws away 600 times the amount of his or her adult weight. While in the UK, the average person throws away his or her body weight in waste every seven weeks which creates the need for effective waste management systems. Human waste consists of paper. Every year, humans produce 3% more waste than that in the previous year and in 25 years, it is estimated that we will double the amount of waste we produce. Global waste consists mainly of paper which makes up approximately a fifth of the waste produced by a household, while glass and plastic bags make up a tenth of the produced waste. Electronic waste and management. Statistics show that globally, 50 million tonnes of electronic waste are produced on a yearly basis. These waste which consist of TVs, stereos and kitchen appliances are usually dumped in landfill sites or into the ocean. The waste management policies yield damaging results. Managing the waste humans produce is a human responsibility and in cases where this responsibility has been overlooked dire health and environmental situations were recorded. In Italy, poor waste management policies led to the closure of businesses and increased death rate among the people of Naples for 2 decades (1994-2014). In Surat, India poor waste management resulted in a plague-like epidemic which caused 56 deaths and the cancellation of the Deepavali festival. Statistics show that India may have lost approximately $2billion in estimated economic functions. Poor waste management leads to pollution of international waterways. In developing countries as well as some developed nations, electronic and solid wastes usually get dumped into the ocean and are hazardous to the environment. 45,000 tons of plastic are dumped into the world’s oceans yearly. Paper cups which are usually coated with wax thereby reducing their biodegradability are in most cases dumped in streams and these ultimately pollute the world’s waterways. Creating recyclable products support effective waste management. Although paper makes up the largest part of the waste produced in domestic settings, it is important to note that two-thirds of the paper waste we trash is recyclable while paper bags take over 100 years to decompose while glass on the other hand takes hundreds of years to decompose. This is why most production outlets are clamping down on the use of glass and paper bags as packaging options. Recycling is important as a waste management procedure. Recycling is a very effective means of managing waste and studies have shown that recycling one tonne of cardboard saves 390 kWh of energy and 1.1 barrel of oil. Recycling Aluminium also saves 14,000 kWh, 39.6 barrels of oil and 10 cubic yards of landfill space. Recycling Paper saves 4,100 kWh of energy, 9 barrels of oil, 7,000 gallons of water and 17 trees which goes to show the effectiveness of recycling in waste management. Recycling is being handled on a national level. Despite the widespread campaign on achieving a greener earth through recycling, most western countries still lag behind in implementing it. The United States recycles approximately 25% of its waste and the UK recycles approximately 30% of its waste. Encouragingly though, EU nations such as Switzerland, Holland and Germany recycle approximately 60% of their produced waste. Managing solid waste is pivotal. poor management of solid waste is responsible for a host of unhealthy situations such as gas emissions, overflowing landfills and water pollution which makes managing it very important. Studies show that the proper use of recycling, landfill mitigation and diversions can reduce greenhouse emissions globally by 10 to 15%. Also, implementing waste prevention such as unnecessary gas flaring can take account for another 10% reduction in gas emissions. Waste management expectations for the future are still under development. a survey conducted by the World Waste magazine and statistics show that 53% of landfill site owners expect their landfills to be open in the next 10 years. 12% expect their landfill sites to be open for the next 5 to 9 years while 26% believe that waste management practices would have evolved in 3 to 4 years and the need for landfills will be eliminated. This survey paints a rather promising future for waste management by the year 2030. Here we come to the end of the 10 facts on waste management which you can put to use in your project on the environment. In addition to these facts, are two other articles which will provide you with project topics as well as a genre guide on how to go about writing an environmental project of waste management. References: Juliette, J. (2010). Recycling still the most effective waste disposal method, report finds https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/mar/16/recycling-waste-disposal Jayasinghe, R. Baliie, C. (2010). The garbage crisis, 8-10. Wagner, T. Arnold, P. (2008). A new model for solid waste management: An analysis of the Nova Scotia MSW strategy. Journal of Cleaner Production, 16(4), 410-421. World Bank. (2012). Urban Development What a Waste: A Global Review of Solid Waste Management. Retrieved from http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2 Peeranart, K. (2013). Electronic waste management approaches: An overview. sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956053X13000147 Morris, J. (2005). Comparative LCAs for curbside recycling versus either landfilling or incineration with energy recovery. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 10(4), 273-284 Kaciak, E. Kushner, J. (2011). Determinants of residents’ recycling behaviour. International Business Economics Research Journal (IBER), 8.

What is Eating Gilbert Grape

What is Eating Gilbert Grape Introduction Lasse Hallstrom directed the film â€Å"What’s eating Gilbert Grape† in 1993. The film revolves around the experiences of the narrator, Gilbert. In the film, Gilbert Grape tells the audience about his town and family. Gilbert has two brothers and two sisters, who live with their obese mother in a depressed town called Endora. Their father is absent since he hanged himself in the basement with no reason.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What is Eating Gilbert Grape specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The film revolves around Gilbert’s character who seeks to escape from his dull and dissatisfying routine, and his shift in attitude as the plot develops. Based on the actions of Gilbert, the audience identifies that what is â€Å"eating him† is the dilemma of how to balance his desires with the needs of his family. Character of Gilbert Gilbert is portrayed as a kind and selfless person who has no escape to the boredom of his everyday life. Although Gilbert is a young man, he has numerous burdens including his residence in an isolated and dying town, a father who killed himself, a large mother who is reliant in him, his boring job in a slow business and his annoying sisters. In addition to this, he is required to give his retarded brother consistent care, and his affair with Betty does not appear to be making any progress. Gilbert’s troubles seem to persist until he meets Becky, who opens his eyes to the outside world. Themes The film has many themes, but the main ones include responsibility, desire for freedom, caring for others and frustration with ordinary life. Gilbert exhibits the desire for freedom the most since he intends to escape Endora and all the burdens that are associated with that town. It is in his pursuit of freedom that Gilbert meets Becky; a symbol of the freedom that Gilbert desires. The theme of responsibility is evident when Gilbert as sumes the role of breadwinner and caretaker of the family after the death of his father. He is faced with a great challenge between fulfilling his obligation to the family and meeting his personal needs. Relationship between Gilbert and Arnie From the beginning of the film, the audience identifies a love/hate relationship between Gilbert and his brother. Gilbert cares for his brother as is seen when he urges his brother to climb down the water tower, or the tree that is next to their house. However, he admits that things would be better for him if his brother was dead.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These scenes present the audience with a mixture of emotions that portray Gilbert’s protective and harmful nature. The freedom represented by Becky ‘eats up’ Gilbert as he abandons his brother in the hope that he can care for himself. Gilbert hopes to fr ee himself from numerous responsibilities that are represented by Arnie, but becomes frustrated when his brother ends up in trouble and proves him wrong. As a result, he faced with the challenge of balancing his two lives. Relationship between Gilbert and his mother Gilbert shows frustration with his mother due to her transformation from a pretty girl to an obese woman who was capable of harming her family. This is seen when Gilbert calls out to her to stop hugging Arnie after an incident involving the water tower. Gilbert also distances himself from Momma when he shows Becky the family house from a far point, claiming that they cannot get closer to it because Momma is â€Å"attached to the housemore like wedged in†. Gilbert sees Momma in a new light when she gets out of the house after seven years to rescue Arnie when he gets arrested. He defends her mother from the mockery of outsiders, even after her death, when he chooses to cremate her in the family house rather than rid icule the family while they remove her body from the house.

Write and 150 words introduction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Write and 150 words introduction - Essay Example With a history of 120 years, Fosters today is available in over 150 countries. Both companies have their unique organizational cultures and both have been very successful. For this takeover to be a success, it is important for SABMiller to identify the various features that are essential to facilitate the take over and design strategies to successfully facilitate the integration of the two companies. This report in the first part identifies and analyses the various facilitating features that needs attention of the management. The second part of the report suggests the various steps to be taken and strategies to be designed to successfully facilitate the integration. SABMiller plans to lead in the stable and profitable Australian beer industry through thorough knowledge of Foster’s and the Australian market and to improve Foster’s financial and operating performance. SABMiller will create value for shareholders, through making Foster’s an important part of its global business, whilst taking into account Foster’s strong heritage (Greenblat 2011). Some promised strategies, in which SABMiller has proven capabilities (Payne, 2011) include improvement to Foster’s weak, underperforming brands, restructuring business segments, saving costs, focusing on new profitable segments and bringing in global scale benefits (SABMiller.com, 2011). Running local brewing operations worldwide and understanding differences between the overseas and Australian Market would help the SABMiller-Foster’s integration. Additionally, SABMiller already owns and manages Foster’s brands in India and America (SABMiller.com, 2011), p roving the strategic fit between the companies. A location strategy advantage is created from SABMiller and Coca-Cola Amatil’s joint venture whereby it will be dissolved with SABMiller taking control of the NSW Central Coast brewery at Warnervale. This brewery will be converted to a Foster’s on-tap beer production brewery for NSW instead of

Families Coping with a Deaf Child Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Families Coping with a Deaf Child - Essay Example Children may be either deaf, Deaf, hard of hearing, or have acquired deafness. The deaf are those who are unable to hear speech without the use of a hearing aid. Deaf (i.e. with a capital D) refers to users of sign language who also share a common â€Å"heritage, social afflilation, educational background, experience of oppression and culture† (NCTSN, 2004). In other words, whereas the ‘deaf’ are an audiologically distinguished group, the ‘Deaf’ also indicates a sociolinguistic and cultural affiliation. Although the deaf cannot hear, many tend to have sharper visual skills instead (CHS, 1998). Those who are ‘hard of hearing’ have a mild to moderate loss of hearing (or reduced hearing acuity) so can communicate without amplification to some degree. And, the loss may be either permanent or fluctuating. Acquired deafness occurs when the hearing loss begins at a later stage of the child’s development or in adulthood. Permanent loss of hearing affects is known as ‘sensorineural hearing loss’. It is caused by damage to the inner ear, or the auditory nerve as a result of infections, medications, being exposed to loud noise, head injuries, or due to defective genes. (Chandler, 2001) Infections to the middle or outer ear are more common, especially in children, but the accompanying hearing loss, known as ‘conductive hearing loss’ is treatable and therefore not permanent. Middle ear infections (otitis media) are caused by bacterial/viral infections and are actually common in young children. These parts of the ear can also be affected by excessive wax, presence of foreign bodies or auditory canal swelling. A combination of sensorineural and conductive hearing loss can also occur. There are two complications in providing accurate statistics of the number of deaf children. Firstly, there are varying definitions, and degrees of

Development Of An Automatic Class Scheduler

Development Of An Automatic Class Scheduler Regarding the rapid growth of the number of students and the increasing number of courses offered in school, colleges and institution, the task of scheduling classes to fit into timetables and into existing facilities is becoming much more complicated. At the present time, class scheduling not only needs to fit the courses offered but also has to be performed based on many factors, such as availability and capacity of the room, cost occurred when the rooms are engaged by any courses, losses occurred when the rooms are left out, etc. Class Scheduler is an easy to use single or multi-user application for scheduling students classes. The software is ideal for schools, colleges and other institutions that must create class schedules. Class Scheduler can be used by a single teacher or by a group of students to schedule classes. The idea behind Class Scheduler is to increase the productivity of classroom administrators by automating the class scheduling process by automatically setting up course times and assigning rooms and instructors. We can view course schedule, student schedule, instructor schedule and classroom schedule online. We can also resolve clashes without effort, and preferences of staff and students action with ease and serves a clash-free and error-free timetable. It also saves time and labour. 2. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY Timetable creation for has always been an error-prone task, normally resulting in multiple iterations of creation and proof-reading. Changes desired by teaching staff, changes of course locations etc. also require an adaptation of the previously created timetables. Traditional approach to generation of timetable had great difficulties due to large search space which were created as a result of number of variables that need to be considered in such problems. Hence the objective of this project is to automatically generate time tables for the betterment of the teaching staff students. PROBLEM STATEMENT The manual system of preparing Time Table in colleges with large number of students is very time consuming and usually ends up with various class clashes either at same time or with same teacher, having more than one class at a time. These are just due to common human error which are very difficult to prevent in processes as these. To overcome these problem people usually end up making injudicious use of classrooms and labs. To overcome all these problems we propose to make an automated system. INTRODUCTION CLASS SCHEDULER is the online timetable generator for schools, colleges and any other institutions that must create class schedules. CLASS SCHEDULER offers functionality for generating timetables (for students or teachers) as well as overview timetables, i.e. all courses in a certain semester for any given degree. This study is expected to solve those problems and improve the qualitative aspects of generating schedules as follows: Shortening the time in establishing the timetables with computer assistance and better information. Easing the procedure of establishing the timetables Establishing the timetables according to maximize facilities utilization and instructors preferences. Developing an interactive computer link to facilitate data output and the interpretation of the results. DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM The project aims at developing an automated Time Table generator. The system will take various inputs like details of student, subjects, classrooms and teachers available. Depending upon these inputs it will generate a possible Time Table. Making optimal utilization of all the resources such as rooms and labs and distributing classes in a way that will best suit any of constraints or college rules. List of subjects may include elective as well as core subjects. Features: Simple Data Entry: It is quick and easy to enter information of all subjects, years (FE, SE, TE, BE), courses ( computer science, extc, bio-medical), Rooms and teachers. Automatic generation: In few minutes, the program generates a complete timetable that fulfills all your requirements. The program follows all organizational requirements such as selection for number of working days of the week, zero (attendance) period insertion. Subjects could be entered considering subject in which classroom, single or double duration consecutively, periods per week per subject. Periods could be entered with considerations of maximum number of consecutive periods per teacher. Teachers could be placed with considerations such as class should not be assigned when teacher is not free i.e ABC teacher should not be given any class on Monday. XYZ teacher should not get 1st and 2 period on all days etc. Also considering teachers getting x number of maximum periods, minimum/maximum periods per day, limit number of consecutive periods. Automatic Reports for Printing, Website: Reports for website could be generated for the following: Summary timetable for classes Summary timetable for teachers Summary timetable for rooms year wise time table Teacher wise time table All classes assigned to a teacher ( no. of periods per week bifurcations) Total number of periods subject wise Checking of total Working Hours per week details for the teachers PROCESS FLOWS ER-DIAGRAM DATA FLOW DIAGRAM Context Level Diagram Level 1 DFD CLASS SCHEDULER is a system in which automatic timetable is generated by considering various constraints in the system. It also provides the login facility. System takes the required data provided by class coordinator and performs function to generate time table. A professor logs in and can view the required time table. Professor can request for modification which is forwarded to system by coordinator system generates the alternate timetable, coordinator views the generated timetable and accepts or rejects the modification. If modification is accepted then the received timetable is stored in database. If the request is rejected then it is informed to requestor that request cannot be processed. This all activities are shown in the data flow diagram (Level 0) also called as context free diagram. Level 2 DFD INPUTS: It takes various input required by system that are professor information and various data required about that professor. It also takes input of subjects and the relevant information required. The classroom and lab information are also provided. This all data are provided by coordinator. GENERATION OF TIMETABLE: It takes the information provided by the coordinator and consider the various constraints provided. It generate professor schedule and the respective schedule is entered in the class schedule, while generating the schedule it also checks that no timeslot redundancy occur i.e; no single slot is allotted to a two or more professor. Two type of timetable is generated: class wise and professor wise, this both timetable are stored in database by this process. This stored timetable is used as and when required by the users. DISPLAY TIMETABLE Whenever user login the system it provides various option of displaying timetable. User select the required options , the request is then analyzed by the system and in accordance to the request made the required timetable is displayed. The system provides the online view of timetable. MODIFICATION After the time table is generated the provision is made to view them in various options , timetable is displayed as per the user requirement. The professor views the timetable and if required he/she request for modification. This modification request is forwarded manually to the coordinator which in turn is forwarded to the system. The system then generates the alternate timetable .this alternate timetable is then viewed by the coordinator. He then decides whether the change is propagated or the request cannot be considered. If request is not considered then it informs the requestor about it. STRUCTURE CHART DIAGRAM USE CASE DIAGRAM Display timetable Login Generate timetable Modify timetable Professor student coordinator Use cases involved in the system are: LOGIN: User logs in the system by entering user name and password. If user name or password is invalid, the system display error message. GENERATE TIMETABLE: The system generates the timetable according to the input data provided to it by considering different constraints. MODIFY TIMETABLE: The system takes the request from user and generates new timetable. DISPLAY TIMETABLE: The system displays the timetable in a format requested by the user. Actors involved in the system are: PROFESSOR: Professor views the timetable online which is generated by the system and if it is inconvenient for professor then he/she requests for modification in timetable. STUDENT: Students view and follow the timetable generated by the system. CO-ORDINATOR: It is an actor who is responsible for managing the system. 1 UC1 Login Brief Description UC1.1 This use case helps user to login to the system. Flow of Events Basic Flow UC1.2 To login in to the system: system asks the user to enter his/her login id password The user enters his/her login id password The system validates the id the password System displays the Homepage of the college Alternative Flows UC1.3 If id is wrong System displays message wrong Id UC1.4 If password is wrong System displays message wrong password Special Requirements UC1.5 At least one character must be an alphabet Preconditions UC1.6 User must be registered Post Conditions System displays the Homepage of the college 1Generate Timetable Generate Timetable UC1 Brief Description UC1.1 This use case helps coordinator to generate timetable Flow of Events Basic Flow 11111111111111111111111111111111kkkkk1. Coordinator logs in 2. System asks for input data 3. Coordinator enters data 4. System generates timetable Alternative Flows UC1.3 Incorrect data entry System cannot generate timetable, displays error message UC1.4 Insufficient availability of rooms and labs. System generates incomplete timetable, displays warning statement Special Requirements UC1.5 Professor should be available for all time slots Preconditions UC1.6 At least one professor should be assigned to a subject Post Conditions Provide various option of displaying the timetable 1Modify Timetable Modify Timetable UC1 Brief Description UC1.1 This use case helps System to modify the timetable according to feedback provided by the professor Flow of Events Basic Flow 11111111111111111111111111111111kkkkk1. Professor request for change of timings for his lectures 2. Coordinator feeds the request 3. System generates new timetable and requests Coordinator for updating 4. Coordinator approves the modified timetable 5. System revises the timetable Alternative Flows UC1.3 Coordinator rejects the modified timetable Original timetable is retained Preconditions UC1.6 Professors request should be within college time slots Post Conditions Revised timetable should be displayed 1Display Timetable Display Timetable UC1 Brief Description UC1.1 This use case helps System to display the revised timetable in various formats Flow of Events Basic Flow 11111111111111111111111111111111kkkkk1. User logs in 2. System provides option for selecting different formats of timetable 3. User selects the required option 4. System displays the timetable in requested format Alternative Flows UC1.3 Login is incorrect If login is incorrect, system displays invalid login UU Preconditions UC1.6 Timetable should exist 7. CONCLUSION This study has examined the possibility of implementing the concept of assignment of lectures for the class scheduling process. The advantage of this system is that it would be able to applied not only to similar scheduling problems and be extended to various types of problem sharing the same concept. The model has to be able to reduce the number of activities in the scheduling process.

Pass The Weed :: essays research papers

Pass The Weed   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The cries of conservatives across America has grown to a riotous roar. The problem is that the long-standing and unjust prohibition of the psychoactive drug marijuana has been lifted by voters in Arizona and California. Under the new law, doctors can prescribe marijuana to those patients who can possibly benefit from the drug's medicinal purposes. Used for alleviating pain and suffering, the drug can provide needed relief for many people. However, to the concerned, it appears that with the new propositions government has granted permission to posses and consume a drug that has been banned for decades. The â€Å" smoke† has yet to settle in Washington, but a reaction to the new laws from the federal government seems unlikely. Optimistic supporters hope that similar policies and propositions will soon come to voters in other states.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The debate over the legalization of Cannabis Sativa, more commonly known as marijuana, is currently one of the more heated controversies in the country today. The drug has been unrightfully prohibited since the 1930's for its dangerous effects. However, earlier and more primitive cultures were able to safely explore marijuana's usage for both medicinal and hallucinogenic properties. The usage of marijuana has existed for thousands of years in many countries world wide and can be documented as far back as 2700 BC in ancient Chinese writings. In the earlier cultures, marijuana usage was accepted and its effects documented. However, the United States government overlooked all of the information and banned the drug. Recently, however, there has been a resurgence in the opinion of the drug's positive medicinal purposes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Studies on the medicinal uses of marijuana have been conducted on many patients that suffer from various health problems. In patients with the AIDS, the drug served as a beneficial way to stimulate appetite. Thousands of AIDS patients already use marijuana illegally for this condition and have reported excellent results. For those AIDS victims, marijuana can reduce the nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite that are common to the syndrome. Another medical function for marijuana is to combat glaucoma, the leading cause of blindness in the United States. Glaucoma is an eye disease that results from pressure that builds up over time and causes great pain and vision loss to sufferers. In the glaucoma patients, marijuana can aid in relieving the intraocular pressure on the eyeball, and thereby alleviate the pain and sometimes stopping the progress of the condition. Multiple sclerosis is another incurable condition that could benefit from the legalization of marijuana. The disease disrupts the normal functioning of the nerves in the brain and the spinal cord.

Medea Greek Mythology Essay

When Medea decides to take matters in to her own hands, about punishing the people who have done wrong to her, she is accused of wanting not justice—vengeance. Because I am not a native of neither Corinth nor Colchis, I have my own view about her motives. However, I would agree with the Corinthian Women, Medea is seeking vengeance; not justice. Some people might argue that Medea is seeking justice. When in actuality, Medea wants vengeance. The opposition would say justice took place because the Gods allowed Medea the time to perform her various acts. Although these things happened Medea turned to vengeance when she took it upon herself to kill Creon and his daughter Creusa. Even the chorus, the â€Å"ideal spectators†, implies that Creon is a poor king when, after he banishes Medea, the First Corinthian Woman sympathizes, â€Å"I am of Corinth and I say that Corinth is not well ruled. †(1. 214-216). This quote gives us proof that Medea has some sort of reason to seek revenge on Creon. However she lets her hatred exceed its boundaries and allows herself to take the lives of the King of Corinth and its Princess all because they chose Jason over her. In addition, her actions all prove that she wants Jason to do more than pay for hurting her. She wants him to suffer at the fate of her own children. Her revenge was selfish. Medea involved the two things she knew would hurt Jason the most—her own children. According to the First Corinthian Woman, â€Å"It would be better for you, Medea if the earth opened her jaws and took you down into darkness. But one thing you will not do, for you cannot, you will not hurt your own children, though wrath like plague-boils aches, your mind in a fire-haze bites the purple apples of pain. No blood-lapping beast of the field, she-bear nor lioness, nor the lean wolf-bitch, hurts her own tender whelps; nor the yellow-eyed, seythe-beaked, and storm shouldered eagle that tears the lambs has ever made prey of the fruit of her own tree. †(2. 115-126). Keep in mind that the Corinthian Women are the conscious of Corinth. Through this quote the First Corinthian Women has stated that Medea could not harm her own children. She even gives examples of the most dangerous predators that don’t even harm their own young. This is evidence that Medea went beyond the state of justice; but she went well into the state of vengeance. Medea knew what she was doing and quite frankly she could care less about anything other than what she thought of what was seeking revenge on Jason. In conclusion, vengeance was sought by Medea. She went above the fact of teaching Jason a lesson; she even stated she hated Jason more than she loved her children. Answer this question is what Medea has done entertaining or morally instructive?

Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen Essay - 899 Words

Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen From the start of Pride and Prejudice it is clear that marriage is one of the most important aspects of the novel with the famous opening line reading It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in a want of a wife. This opening line tells us about the plot and Mrs. Bennett fills in the gaps in the rest of the first chapter with Mr. Bingley taking on the role of the single rich man and the wife being anyone of her five young daughters. We also see the urgency of Mrs. Bennett to have her daughters married, To understand this urgency one must have an understanding of the way things were in the nineteenth†¦show more content†¦Neither of these jobs provided a decent wage and they also lowered the social standing of young women as striving for independence was frowned upon. Higher education was unavailable to women so they could only reach a certain level of education and this level would not gain them a decent job so the m ajority submitted and conformed to the social expectation and aimed to marry a rich man. The actual relationship entailed by marriage was not very important to most women with many different reasons for marriage being used such as Financial security, Mutual interests, affection, and lust. For Jane Austin the perfect marriage is one based on love and affection rather than a marriage based on financial security like that of Charlotte Lucas or a marriage of Lust like the marriage between Lydia and Wick ham. Jane Austens ideal view of marriage is like that of Darcy and Elizabeth who built their marriage Love. Charlotte Lucas who married Mr. Collins simply for the security she would receive with out any regard for the life she would have to live with an obnoxious, arrogant and self-absorbed fool. The idealistic marriage that was based on a relationship of true love was a rare thing as most women like Charlotte were willing to settle for someone they didnt even like if it would mean financial securityShow MoreRelatedPride And Prejudice By Jane Austen Essay1724 Words   |  7 PagesThe 18th century novel, Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen, is a fascinating book about a young woman’s struggle with family and love. Pride and Prejudice was originally published in 1813, but, the most common version of the story, and the one used for this research, is from the version published in 1892, still by only Jane Austen, though many other authors have contributed to this book over time. Austen often references the class system at the time, often noting one of the multiple heroine’s struggleRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen1467 Words   |  6 Pages Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen is a classic novel that has remained relevant even years after its release. 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Terms of Projects Profitability and Financing Issues

Question: Requirements 1 Calculate the post-tax cost of capital for the move of Arden Ltd into the air freight industry having incorporated both business and financial risk into this evaluation. Further evaluate why the air freight Industry may have a different Beta than the passenger airline industry. Requirement 2 Critically evaluate CAPM as a methodology to get a value for the cost of equity for a company. Explain to Steve Culley, the CEO, what unsystematic risk is and its relevance to the CAPM calculation. Discuss why increasing gearing links into an increasing cost of equity and then briefly whether this would then lead to an increasing WACC. Requirement 3 Evaluate the NPV on this project using your previously calculated WACC. Steve Culley is also interested in your views on some other financial evaluation techniques he has heard of, namely MIRR and discounted payback and would like you to explain two benefits of the use of each of the techniques for Arden. Finally Steve is intensely aware of the risks around sales falling in this project and would be interested in you helping him to understand the significance of this variable. Requirement 4 Steve is also interested in understanding the Black Scholes formula better and specifically how it could accommodate the air freight opportunity. He has seen the call option formula but would like your reasoning on the effect of the 5 components specifically the way a change in each of them individually would lead to a higher value for the call option on the potential expansion after the 4 year point. Reducing risk (details in Appendix 2) Requirement 1 Explain a range of internal techniques for mitigating risk on the fuel payments that Arden has to make. In discussing these techniques critically evaluate their use under the circumstances of Arden. Requirement 2 Evaluate the hedging options available to Arden (based on the data in appendix 2) for the $20,000,000 borrowing requirement, assuming that on Oct 1st 2016 US Libor equivalent is 6% and the closing Futures price available is 93.80. The evaluation should include a numerical analysis and an identification of the steps involved in each hedging strategy selected, along with any advantages and disadvantages of the selected strategy. Requirement 3 Evaluate the use of using US dollar denominated debt (as opposed to UK debt) to finance the potential new US operations. Your analysis should also include the potential benefits that may accrue from a currency swap with a US company who may be looking to borrow in UK pounds. Illustrative calculations can be used to show this benefit to Steve Culley. Financing issues (details in Appendix 3) Requirement 1 With respect to the Financing needs linked to the purchase of the new planes, critically evaluate the logic for using more Debt finance, versus equity, for Arden with particular focus on its own circumstances and the industry conditions of the Airline industry. Requirement 2 Critique the proposal to sell off the Hotel division of Arden as a way of raising finance but also as a long term commercially sensible solution for a business requiring accommodation for its employees. Requirement 3 Discuss the key reasons why Arden should list on a Stock exchange, focusing on benefits outside of just the raising initial finance through an Initial Public Offering (IPO). Detail for Steve responses on those areas of the IPO process that he doesnt fully understand and explain to him the benefits of a premium market listing on the London Stock exchange.(Premium listing versus Standard listing). Also briefly assess whether this will be a significant challenge for Arden in meeting these criteria for a premium listing. Answer: Air freight opportunity Requirement 1 Calculation of Post-tax Cost of Capital Cost of equity capital: It can be calculated by using the following CAPM formula: E (Ri) = Rf + i [E(Rm) - Rf] Here, Rf = 4% = 1.65 E(Rm) = 10% Thus, cost of equity will be: = 0.04 + 1.65(0.10 - 0.04) = 0.04 + 1.65(0.06) = 0.04+0.099 = 0.139 = 13.9% Cost of debt: It can be computed by using the below formula: Cost of debt = Here: I = Interest rate (Assumed as 10%) T = Tax rate (20%) = Market price of debt (Assumed as 125) Thus, debt cost will be: = 6.4% Now, WACC can be calculated as below: Source Value of share Weight After tax cost % Total capital cost Equity share capital 100m 0.33 0.139 0.04587 Debenture 200m 0.67 0.064 0.04288 Total 300m 1.00 0.08875 or 8.875% Thus, it is clear that the cost of capital for the company is 8.875% or 9%. The air freight industry must have a different beta than the passenger airline industry because beta is calculated from movements in the historical stock price that include both industry and finance risk. As industry risk is influenced by factors such as demand of the product, raw material prices, substitutes availability, etc., there must have a different beta for the air freight industry (Brown, 2010). Requirement 2 Evaluation of CAPM methodology to Obtain the Cost of Equity Value For the valuation of risky securities, capital asset pricing model (CAPM) is an effective framework. The CAPM model defines that an asset's expected return is related to its risk as measured by beta (Pratt and Grabowski, 2010). The below is the formula for CAPM model: E(Ri) = Rf + i [E(Rm) - Rf] (Stowe, 2007). Where E(Ri) = Expected return on asset Rf = Risk free rate of return (Stowe, 2007). E(Rm) = The expected return on the market portfolio i = beta, or the sensitivity of the assets to returns on the market portfolio (Stowe, 2007). CAPM based expected rate of return can be used for valuing the cost of equity for a company. It is because as the CAPM depicts equilibrium and all risks are captured by beta, risk adjustments can be made by the investors based on beta. In addition, as the calculation of CAPM requires only some inputs and based on some simplifying assumptions, it is a preferable method to calculate firm's cost of equity (Viebig, Poddig and Varmaz, 2008). But, at the same time, as this model only considers systematic market risk, such risks might not be the only factor for defining all the variations in share prices. It shows that the major disadvantage of this method is related to the ignorance of unsystematic risk. It is because due to the ignorance of the unsystematic risk, the CAPM and beta are unable to define the amount of significant differences in stock returns (Pratt and Grabowski , 2010). In contrast, this model views that all the firms face the systematic risk (identified through beta), whic h no investor can remove from their chosen portfolio investments. Therefore, CAPM method provides as effective measure to value the company's equity cost of capital. On the other hand, unsystematic risk is a company-specific risk that can be eliminated by the investors in their portfolio through diversification. The CAPM model also considers that by holding a broad portfolio that wipe out the effects of unsystematic risks, such risks can be eliminated. It reflects that CAPM methodology ignores the unsystematic risk and thus, this risk in not relevant to the CAPM calculation. It can also be discussed that increasing gearing results into an increasing cost of equity. Gearing refers 'to the ratio of borrowed capital by the firm at a fixed rate of interest to the firm's total capital' (Collin, 1998). The main reason behind this is that due to increasing gearing or issue of more debt, more interest is disbursed of profits before stockholders can get paid their dividends (Heffernan, 2005). Furthermore, bigger interest payments increase the unpredictability of payment of dividends to shareholders. It is because if the company has inadequate profits in a year, there is still need to pay increased interest payments, which may affect the ability of the company to pay dividends. Moreover, it increases the financial risk to shareholders, due to which they require more return on their investment to compensate the increased risk resulting in increasing the cost of equity (Heffernan, 2005). In addition, the increase in cost of equity due to increasing gearing would als o result in an increasing WACC. It is because WACC (weighted average cost of capital) is a simple average between the cost of debt and the cost of equity. Concurrently, as the cost of equity increases, it would also lead to increase in the WACC. Requirement 3 Calculation of NPV The below table shows the calculation of cash flows for the project: The following table summarizes the NPV calculations: It is clear that this project has positive NPV of 35.34. Thus, it can be stated that investment in this project would be beneficial to maximize the shareholder value and attain positive benefits. There are also other techniques, which can be used for assessing the viability of an investment project. The main techniques include modified internal rate of return (MIRR) and discount payback period. The benefits of these techniques for Arden is as below: MIRR: The main advantage of this technique is that it considers all the project's cash flows and also considers time value of money, which will be helpful for Arden to produce more effective results (Fabozzi, Drake, and Polimeni, 2007). It will also be beneficial to inform about the increase in the company's value through an investment. It also considers the risk of future cash flows through the cost of capital while making decisions (Brigham and Daves, 2014). Discount Payback: It also considers the concept of time value of money, thus it would be supportive for Arden to effectively evaluate the new project and produce valid results (Fabozzi and Drake, 2009). Another benefit is that it would also be advantageous for Arden to assess the risk of new business venture's cash flow through the cost of capital (Fabozzi, Drake, and Polimeni, 2007). Sales is an important variable while assessing the viability of a project. It is because sales figure is used to determine the cash flows from a project by reducing the operating expenses and making adjustments for depreciation and tax. Therefore, it is essential to accurately make assumptions regarding sales by considering the market and demand factors. Requirement 4 Black Scholes formula The Black-scholes formula was developed by the three economic experts including 'Fischer Black, Myron Scholes and Robert Merton' (CvitaniĆ¡ and Zapatero, 2004). The formula can be used for calculating the European put and call options' theoretical price. Similarly, it could accommodate the air freight opportunity by providing a way to evaluate call and put option. There are certain assumptions, on which the formula works. These include 'during the option's life no dividend is paid, the options are European and can only be worked at the end, no movement in the market, no commission, constant risk free rate and volatility, and normally distributed returns' (Mayo, 2016). The below is the Black-scholes formula: C = SN(d1) - N(d2)Ke-rt (Mayo, 2016). In this, d1 and d2 can be calculated as follow: d1 = d2 = d1 - s. Here, C = Call premium S = Current stock price T = time K = Striking prices of the option R = Risk-free interest rate N = Cumulative standard normal distribution e = Exponential term s = Standard deviation In = Natural log It shows that the formula has five main components including 'current underlying price, options strike price, time until expiration, which is expressed as a percent of a year, implied volatility, and risk-free interest rates'. There is a relationship between each independent variable and the call value due to which the changes in the each component leads to higher call option value. For example, An increase in the stock's price, increases the call options value. It is because the intrinsic option value rises as per the increase in the stock price (Mayo, 2016). Similarly, a decrease in the strike price, increases the call option's value. A gain in to the time to expiration also increases the value of a call option because as time decreases, the value of option also falls (Mayo, 2016). A rise in the stock's variability also increase the value. For the reason, a speculator will get an option more attractive with a volatile stock than an option with a stable stock price. Interest rate increase will also increase the call option value as higher interest rates are related with higher call option valuations (Mayo, 2016). Reducing Risk Requirement 1 The below are the techniques available that can be used by Arden for mitigating risk on the fuel payments. Internal Control Framework: Firstly, to mitigate the risk, Arden should establish a internal control framework approved by the company's management and board. The framework must ensure internal control in different areas including fraud prevention, exact management information, separatism of duties, execution of approved strategies, and fuel payment audit in order to mitigate the risk (HSBC Bank Middle East, 2014). For example, management must be provided accurate information about the fuel payments so that effective decisions can be made to control the risk related to fuel payment. This technique will be beneficial for Arden as by making an effective internal control system, the company can avoid the use of external hedging techniques. It would also be cost effective for the company due to assurance about the optimum utilization of available resources. Scenario Planning: It would also be an effective technique for Arden to mitigate the fuel payment risk. In this, the risk managers at Arden Ltd. can evaluate the business sensitivity to the changes in fuel prices and can develop contingency plans accordingly to reduce the adverse impact of the changes in the price of fuel (Kinder, 2008). The implementation of this technique can create additional cost for the company due to requirement of expertise people for scenario planning. Collaborative Technologies: The use of such technologies can also be beneficial to mitigate the risk effectively. For example, combined human knowledge and sharing of information can be beneficial for Arden to reduce the extent to which fuel payments can adversely affect the business (Kinder, 2008). Continuous Business Process Optimization: Implementation of effective risk management processes along with the use of proactive measures and technologies can be beneficial to get early information about the changes in fuel prices and thus, find suitable ways to control the situation in an effective and efficient manner (Kinder, 2008). Requirement 2 Calculation of interest =20,000,000*6%*90/360 =300,000 Profit earned on the future position = 100-6 = 94 Thus, profit earned will be = 94-93.80 = 0.20 Future Hedging Strategy The below are the pros and cons of the future hedge strategy: Advantage: Lack of credit risk, Possibility to extend the delivery date as well as closing out prior to maturity (Jovanovic, 2014). Limits price risk (Friedman and DeCorla-Souza, 2012). High Liquidity, and Extremely standardized contracts in the form of location delivery, quantity, and quality. Disadvantage: Require daily settlement, Likely profit is limited (Jovanovic, 2014). Uncertainty of future returns. Requirement 3 In order to finance the new US operations, the company can use US dollar denominated debt as opposed to UK debt. Such kind of transactions are known as SWAPs. Swaps are OTC products, which 'require the swapping of one future cash flow for a different future cash flow, where both flows are defined by a benchmark' (Loader, 2013). Equity, Currency, and interest rate swaps are common examples. 'A currency swap is an interchange of certain amount of cash flows in one currency for a series of cash flows in another currency at pre-defined period and interest rate basis' (Loader, 2007). For example, through currency swap with a US company, which is also searching to borrow in UK pounds, Arden Ltd. can borrow money cheaper. It is because with the help of currency swap, 'Arden will borrow British Pounds on a floating rate basis from its bank and then swap this GBP principle amount for USD with the swap bank counterparty' (Loader, 2013). Both the companies can agree to pay a fixed interest rate on the USD and recieve a floating interest rate on the GBP, which Arden can use to pay the floating rate interest on the original GBP loan from its bank. Another benefit of currency swap for Arden is that it will protect the company against changes in foreign exchange during the period of swap as well as defend against changes in the interest rate in the UK market throughout the borrowing period (Loader, 2007). The negative aspect of currency swap is that Arden may need to exchange the principle amount at both the swap term beginning and end at an fixed rate agreed. However, the positive aspect of currency swap outweigh its negatives, thus, it can be discussed that use of swap will be an effective option for the company. Financing Issues Requirement 1 In order to purchase the new planes, Arden require significant funds. There are several financial sources available including debt finance and equity finance that can be used by the Arden as per the suitability with its business nature. The below section critically evaluates the logic behind the use of more debt finance against equity for Arden: The meaning of debt financing is to borrow money from an external source with the assurance to pay back the borrowed money plus a specific interest on a particular date. Debt financing has many advantages over equity financing for a business like Arden. For example, as the Airline industry is a capital-intensive industry with the high cost, it is beneficial to maintain high debt-to-equity ratio to reduce the capital cost by obtaining the cheaper debt (Bloomberg, 2016). In addition, the another advantage of debt funding against equity is that it will provide range of choices to Arden in order to obtain the required finance. For example, Arden can get money either from bank loan, other financial institutions, corporations, and by issuing debentures. At the same time, debt would also be advantageous over equity for Arden in terms of lack of interference of the lenders in the business decisions and operations. In addition, as currently, Arden has a debt-equity ratio of 1:1, it would be easy for the company to raise more funds through debt financing. But, concurrently, the negative aspect of debt funding versus equity financing is that Arden will need to repay debt along with interest each month no matter what will be the performance in the end of the year. However, it can be discussed that due to high cost and huge capital investment requirement, the use of debt financing would be more beneficial for the company as compared to equity financing. Requirement 2 Arden is also considering the sell off the Hotel division in Paris in order to raise fund to finance the new project. This proposal can have both advantages and disadvantages for the company. The main benefit of raising finance through sell off the hotel part is that it can easily raise fund at comparatively less cost and with fewer legal requirements. In addition, this option would also be beneficial for Arden to gain access to money engaged in hotel division (Jowsey, 2014). It is because due to the reduced flight schedule in the last couple of years, Arden is planning to sale spare capacity in the hotel. Moreover, the released funds from the hotel division can also be beneficial to finance the new service business. In addition, Arden can also get other benefits from this option such as use of assets and transfer of the property value risk to a third party. In contrary, this option will also create disadvantage for the company as the hotel division will no longer be owned by Arden, which will weaken the company's balance sheet (Jowsey, 2014). At the same time, it will also close the option to gain access to the funds by securing a loan using the hotel division. Moreover, it is also possible that the long-term value of the property will be greater than if they remain in the company's ownership. Concurrently, it will also end of the option to use the hotel division 'as a long-term commercially sensible solution for a business requiring accommodation for its employees' and generate a new revenue source for the company. Thus, it shows that the option to sale the hotel division of Arden has both positive and negative aspects and as negative aspects outweigh positive aspects, it can be stated that this is not an effective proposal for the company. Requirement 3 An initial public offering (IPO) is the process by which a firm that is managed privately issues shares of the stock for the first time to the public (Gullifer and Payne, 2015). In the growth of a business, IPO is an important stage as it provides access to wide capital market and also increase the company's credibility and vulnerability. The below are the key benefits that reflect the reasons why Arden should list on a Stock exchange: Bettered Financial Position: In an immediate manner, an IPO can improve the financial condition of Arden. For the reason, sale of shares to the public brings in money that does not have to be repaid, thus it helps in improving the financial position of the company (Ernst and Hcker, 2012). Increased Shareholder Value Commencing with an IPO, may increase the stock's value unusually. In addition, publically traded shares also command upper prices in comparison of those that are not, thus, it would be beneficial for Arden to increase the total shareholder value. Investors are also willing to pay for listed companies due to shares liquidity, maturity, and the availability of more information (Gullifer and Payne, 2015). Variegation of Shareholder Portfolios IPO will also provide an opportunity to Arden to pull parts of its assets out of the company (Ernst and Hcker, 2012). In simple word, it can be stated that by going public, Arden can secure the company's future. Creates Opportunities for Future Fundings Through an IPO, Arden can improve the company's net worth as well as create a border equity base (Ernst and Hcker, 2012). Moreover, the bettered equity ratio will make easier the borrowing of additional money as requires and will also reduce the borrowing's current cost. More Capital The main benefit is that the net proceeds from the sale of shares through an IPO provides working capital for a firm (Gullifer and Payne, 2015). Similarly, in the case of Arden Ltd, the capital can be used to fulfil the financial needs to purchase new planes. Thus, it shows that in addition to raise initial finance, an IPO also provides other benefits related to ensure about future financiang requirements and improve current financial position. IPO Process Lead Manager The main logic for the lead manager is to prepare the company to go public in an effective manner. The lead manager has the responsibility to develop confidence and respect within the industry as well as provide innovative ideas to make sure about the future growth. Underwriting Underwriting is an important step in an IPO process as the underwriter act as a mediator between the company and the capital markets. There are different kinds of underwriting agreements such as best efforts, all or none, and firm commitment that can be used by the company to start with an IPO. For example, through a firm commitment agreement, the company can transfer the risk of not selling the shares to the underwriter, which is the main reason behind underwriting of the share issue. A prospectus is prepared by the company to attract investors and shareholders to invest in the company. Content of the Prospectus The following content should be included in a prospectus: Information about the group structure of the company and its subsidiaries, Company history and share capital, Details of the industry sector, in which the firm operates and its main competitors, Last three years financial information, Current and future business plans, Compensation of the directors and their interest in the company, Compliance with the UK corporate governance code (Withers Worldwide). Information about current or any planned share option schemes, Any ongoing judicial proceedings of a material value, Risk factors influencing business (Withers Worldwide). Material contracts including IPO advisers, Information about listing process. Benefits of a Premium Market Listing on the London Stock exchange Premium listing and standard listing are some of the main routes to join the main market of the London stock exchange. Premium market listing provides additional benefits including lower cost of capital, greater transparency, and improved investor confidence to the company (London Stock Exchange Plc, 2016). The main reason behind the availability of these benefits under premium listing is that it requires compliance with the highest standards of regulation of the UK as well as corporate governance (Poitras, 2012). In addition, companies with a premium listing are also required to comply with the 'UK's super-equivalent rules which are higher than the EU minimum requirements (required to comply under standard listing)' (London Stock Exchange Plc, 2016). Another difference in both listing routes is that premium route is only open to equity shares while standard listing route is open to the issuance of equity shares, debt securities, global depositary receipts, and securitised derivative s. In addition, it is also assessed that Arden will face considerable challenges in order to meet criteria for a premium listing. It is because it is difficult to understand and comply with the high standard UK's rules and regulations without the help of a right adviser. Moreover, the company also needs to be aware about different key obligations related to notice period, relationship agreement, directors' retirement, dealing restrictions, etc. in order to avoid corporate governance issues (Withers Worldwide). Thus, in order to ensure the success of an IPO through premium listing, the company should take the service of a adviser such as lawyers, PR consultants, and an investment bank. Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be summarized that the use of CAPM methodogy provides an effective tool to measure the firm's cost of equity capital. It can also be summarized that before using a particular finance source, the firm must evaluate each option available in terms of its costs and benefits so that an effective decision can be made. This can be also inferred that as the aviation industry involves high risk, the use of more debt finance would be appropriate to reduce the overall firm's cost of capital. References Bloomberg (2016) Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2009-12-04/raising-capital-equity-vs-dot-debt [Accessed: 3rd August, 2016]. Brigham, E. F., and Daves, P. R. (2014) Intermediate Financial Management. USA: Cengage Learning. Brown, R. E. (2010) Business Essentials for Utility Engineers. USA: CRC Press. Collin, P. H. (1998) Dictionary of Business. UK: Taylor Francis. CvitaniĆ¡, J. and Zapatero, F. 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USA: John Wiley Sons. Pratt, S. P. and Grabowski, R. J. (2010) Cost of Capital: Applications and Examples. USA: John Wiley Sons. Stowe, J. D. (2007) Equity Asset Valuation. John Wiley Sons. Viebig, J., Poddig, T. and Varmaz, A. (2008) Equity Valuation: Models from Leading Investment Banks. USA: John Wiley Sons. Withers Worldwide (n.d) Obtaining a premium or standard listing on the London Stock Exchange. Available at: https://www.withersworldwide.com/system/files/3404/original/ObtainingAPremiumOrStandardListingOnTheLondonStockExchange.pdf [Accessed: 3rd August, 2016].